Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracEnvironment


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Timestamp:
Jan 30, 2018 2:16:51 PM (7 years ago)
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trac
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  • TracEnvironment

    v3 v4  
    1 = The Trac Environment = 
     1= The Trac Environment 
    22 
    3 Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the “environment”. 
     3[[TracGuideToc]] 
     4[[PageOutline(2-5,Contents,pullout)]] 
    45 
    5 == Creating an Environment == 
     6Trac uses a directory structure and a database for storing project data. The directory is referred to as the '''environment'''. 
    67 
    7 A new Trac environment is created using  [TracAdmin#initenv trac-admin's initenv]: 
    8 {{{ 
     8Trac supports [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite], [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] and [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] databases. With PostgreSQL and MySQL you have to create the database before running `trac-admin initenv`. 
     9 
     10== Creating an Environment 
     11 
     12A new Trac environment is created using the [TracAdmin#initenv initenv] command: 
     13{{{#!sh 
    914$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv 
    1015}}} 
    1116 
    12 `trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the 
    13 database connection string (explained below). 
     17`trac-admin` will ask you for the name of the project and the [#DatabaseConnectionStrings database connection string]. 
    1418 
    15 === Some Useful Tips 
    16  - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to  
    17  the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set 
    18  the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository,  
    19  although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.  
     19=== Useful Tips 
     20 
     21 - Place your environment's directory on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac monitors the timestamp of its configuration files and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution may go undetected in Trac < 1.0.2. This is also true for the location of authentication files when using TracStandalone. 
     22 
     23 - The user under which the web server runs will require file system write permission to the environment directory and all the files inside. Please remember to set the appropriate permissions. The same applies to the source code repository, although the user under which Trac runs will only require write access to a Subversion repository created with the BDB file system; for other repository types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation.  
    2024  
    21  - `initenv`, when using an svn repository, does not imply that trac-admin will perform `svnadmin create` for the specified repository path. You need to perform the `svnadmin create` prior to `trac-admin initenv` if you're creating a new svn repository altogether with a new trac environment, otherwise you will see a message "Warning: couldn't index the repository" when initializing the environment. 
     25 - `initenv` does not create a version control repository for the specified path. If you wish to specify a default repository using the optional arguments to `initenv` you must create the repository first, otherwise you will see a message when initializing the environment: //Warning: couldn't index the default repository//. 
    2226 
    23  - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported 
    24   
    25  - Also, it seems that project names with spaces can be problematic for authentication (see [trac:#7163]). 
     27 - Non-ascii environment paths are not supported. 
    2628 
    27  - TracPlugins located in a [TracIni#inherit-section shared plugins folder] that is defined in an [TracIni#GlobalConfiguration inherited configuration] are currently not loaded during creation, and hence, if they need to create extra tables for example, you'll need to [TracUpgrade#UpgradetheTracEnvironment upgrade the environment] before being able to use it. 
     29 - TracPlugins located in a [TracIni#inherit-plugins_dir-option shared plugins directory] that is defined in an [TracIni#GlobalConfiguration inherited configuration] are not enabled by default, in contrast to plugins in the environment `plugins` directory. Hence, if they need to create extra tables, for example, the tables will not be created during environment creation and you'll need to [TracUpgrade#UpgradetheTracEnvironment upgrade the environment]. Alternatively you can avoid the need to upgrade the environment by explicitly enabling the plugin in the inherited configuration, or in a configuration file using the `--config` option. See TracAdmin#FullCommandReference for more information. 
    2830 
    29 == Database Connection Strings == 
     31{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em;" 
     32**Caveat:** don't confuse the //Trac environment directory// with the //source code repository directory//. 
    3033 
    31 Since version 0.9, Trac supports both [http://sqlite.org/ SQLite] and 
    32 [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL] database backends.  Preliminary 
    33 support for [http://mysql.com/ MySQL] was added in 0.10.  The default is 
    34 to use SQLite, which is probably sufficient for most projects. The database 
    35 file is then stored in the environment directory, and can easily be  
    36 [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment. 
     34This is a common beginners' mistake. 
     35It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modeled after the Subversion repository directory structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and //must not// be located at the same place. 
     36}}} 
    3737 
    38 === SQLite Connection String === 
     38== Database Connection Strings 
     39 
     40You will need to specify a database connection string at the time the environment is created. The default is SQLite, which is sufficient for most projects. The SQLite database file is stored in the environment directory, and can easily be [wiki:TracBackup backed up] together with the rest of the environment. 
     41 
     42Note that if the username or password of the connection string (if applicable) contains the `:`, `/` or `@` characters, they need to be [http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/dencoder/ URL encoded]. 
     43{{{#!sh 
     44$ python -c "import urllib; print urllib.quote('password@:/123', '')" 
     45password%40%3A%2F123 
     46}}} 
     47 
     48=== SQLite Connection String 
     49 
    3950The connection string for an SQLite database is: 
    4051{{{ 
    … …  
    4354where `db/trac.db` is the path to the database file within the Trac environment. 
    4455 
    45 === PostgreSQL Connection String === 
    46 If you want to use PostgreSQL or MySQL instead, you'll have to use a 
    47 different connection string. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL 
    48 database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the 
    49 user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, use: 
     56=== PostgreSQL Connection String 
     57 
     58The connection string for PostgreSQL is a bit more complex. For example, to connect to a PostgreSQL database named `trac` on `localhost` for user `johndoe` and password `letmein`, use: 
    5059{{{ 
    5160postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost/trac 
    5261}}} 
    53 ''Note that due to the way the above string is parsed, the "/" and "@" characters cannot be part of the password.'' 
    5462 
    55 If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port (for example 9342), use: 
     63If PostgreSQL is running on a non-standard port, for example 9342, use: 
    5664{{{ 
    5765postgres://johndoe:letmein@localhost:9342/trac 
    5866}}} 
    5967 
    60 On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, 
    61 either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable: 
     68On UNIX, you might want to select a UNIX socket for the transport, either the default socket as defined by the PGHOST environment variable: 
    6269{{{ 
    6370postgres://user:password@/database 
    6471}}} 
     72 
    6573or a specific one: 
    6674{{{ 
    … …  
    6876}}} 
    6977 
    70 Note that with PostgreSQL you will have to create the database before running 
    71 `trac-admin initenv`. 
    72  
    7378See the [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ PostgreSQL documentation] for detailed instructions on how to administer [http://postgresql.org PostgreSQL]. 
    74 Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser`, and a database named `trac`. 
    75 {{{ 
    76 createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser 
    77 createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac 
    78 }}} 
    79 When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the user 'tracuser'. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command.  Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors trac's use of unicode in trac.  SQL_ASCII also seems to work. 
    80  
    81 Under some default configurations (debian) one will have run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user.  For example: 
    82 {{{ 
    83 sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser' 
    84 sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac' 
     79Generally, the following is sufficient to create a database user named `tracuser` and a database named `trac`: 
     80{{{#!sh 
     81$ createuser -U postgres -E -P tracuser 
     82$ createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac 
    8583}}} 
    8684 
    87 Trac uses the `public` schema by default but you can specify a different schema in the connection string: 
     85When running `createuser` you will be prompted for the password for the `tracuser`. This new user will not be a superuser, will not be allowed to create other databases and will not be allowed to create other roles. These privileges are not needed to run a Trac instance. If no password is desired for the user, simply remove the `-P` and `-E` options from the `createuser` command. Also note that the database should be created as UTF8. LATIN1 encoding causes errors, because of Trac's use of unicode. 
     86 
     87Under some default configurations (Debian), run the `createuser` and `createdb` scripts as the `postgres` user: 
     88{{{#!sh 
     89$ sudo su - postgres -c 'createuser -U postgres -S -D -R -E -P tracuser' 
     90$ sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb -U postgres -O tracuser -E UTF8 trac' 
     91}}} 
     92 
     93Trac uses the `public` schema by default, but you can specify a different schema in the connection string: 
    8894{{{ 
    8995postgres://user:pass@server/database?schema=yourschemaname 
    9096}}} 
    9197 
    92 === MySQL Connection String === 
     98=== MySQL Connection String 
    9399 
    94 If you want to use MySQL instead, you'll have to use a 
    95 different connection string. For example, to connect to a MySQL 
    96 database on the same machine called `trac`, that allows access to the 
    97 user `johndoe` with the password `letmein`, the mysql connection string is: 
     100The format of the MySQL connection string is similar to PostgreSQL, with the `postgres` scheme being replaced by `mysql`. For example, to connect to a MySQL database on `localhost` named `trac` for user `johndoe` with password `letmein`: 
    98101{{{ 
    99102mysql://johndoe:letmein@localhost:3306/trac 
    100103}}} 
    101104 
    102 == Source Code Repository == 
     105== Source Code Repository 
    103106 
    104 Since version 0.12, a single Trac environment can be connected to more than one repository. There are many different ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. This page also details the various attributes that can be set for a repository (like `type`, `url`, `description`). 
     107A single environment can be connected to more than one repository. However, by default Trac is not connected to any source code repository, and the ''Browse Source'' navigation item will not be displayed. 
    105108 
    106 In Trac 0.12 `trac-admin` no longer asks questions related to repositories. Therefore, by default Trac is not connected to any source code repository, and the ''Browse Source'' toolbar item will not be displayed. 
    107 You can also explicitly disable the `trac.versioncontrol.*` components (which are otherwise still loaded) 
    108 {{{ 
    109 [components] 
    110 trac.versioncontrol.* = disabled 
    111 }}} 
     109There are several ways to connect repositories to an environment, see TracRepositoryAdmin. A single repository can be specified when the environment is created by passing the optional arguments `repository_type` and `repository_dir` to the `initenv` command. 
    112110 
    113 For some version control systems, it is possible to specify not only the path to the repository, 
    114 but also a ''scope'' within the repository. Trac will then only show information 
    115 related to the files and changesets below that scope. The Subversion backend for 
    116 Trac supports this; for other types, check the corresponding plugin's documentation. 
     111== Directory Structure 
    117112 
    118 Example of a configuration for a Subversion repository used as the default repository: 
    119 {{{ 
    120 [trac] 
    121 repository_type = svn 
    122 repository_dir = /path/to/your/repository 
    123 }}} 
    124  
    125 The configuration for a scoped Subversion repository would be: 
    126 {{{ 
    127 [trac] 
    128 repository_type = svn 
    129 repository_dir = /path/to/your/repository/scope/within/repos 
    130 }}} 
    131  
    132 == Directory Structure == 
    133  
    134 An environment directory will usually consist of the following files and directories: 
     113An environment consists of the following files and directories: 
    135114 
    136115 * `README` - Brief description of the environment. 
    137  * `VERSION` - Contains the environment version identifier. 
    138  * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets are stored here. 
     116 * `VERSION` - Environment version identifier. 
     117 * `files` 
     118  * `attachments` - Attachments to wiki pages and tickets. 
    139119 * `conf` 
    140    * `trac.ini` - Main configuration file. See TracIni. 
     120  * `trac.ini` - Main [TracIni configuration file]. 
    141121 * `db` 
    142    * `trac.db` - The SQLite database (if you're using SQLite). 
    143  * `htdocs` - directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in Genshi templates using `/htdocs/site/...` URLs. ''(since 0.11)'' 
    144  * `log` - default directory for log files, if logging is turned on and a relative path is given. 
    145  * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins] (Python eggs or single file plugins, since [trac:milestone:0.10 0.10]) 
    146  * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates. ''(since 0.11)'' 
    147    * `site.html` - method to customize header, footer, and style, described in TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance 
    148  
    149 === Caveat: don't confuse a ''Trac environment directory'' with the ''source code repository directory'' #Caveat 
    150  
    151 This is a common beginners' mistake. 
    152 It happens that the structure for a Trac environment is loosely modelled after the Subversion repository directory  
    153 structure, but those are two disjoint entities and they are not and ''must not'' be located at the same place. 
     122  * `trac.db` - The SQLite database, if you are using SQLite. 
     123 * `htdocs` - Directory containing web resources, which can be referenced in templates using the path `/chrome/site/...`. 
     124 * `log` - Default directory for log files when `file` logging is enabled and a relative path is given. 
     125 * `plugins` - Environment-specific [wiki:TracPlugins plugins]. 
     126 * `templates` - Custom Genshi environment-specific templates. 
     127  * `site.html` - Method to [TracInterfaceCustomization#SiteAppearance customize] the site header, footer, and style. 
    154128 
    155129---- 
    156 See also: TracAdmin, TracBackup, TracIni, TracGuide 
     130See also: TracAdmin, TracBackup, TracIni